HYPERTENSION

Elevation of blood pressure is common in Australia and is a major risk factor for the development of stroke and heart failure. No specific cause for hypertension can be identified in over 90% of patients but the majority of patients have a family history of hypertension supporting a genetic predisposition. In addition, environmental factors such as salt intake may contribute to hypertension. Of the remaining 10% of patients, diseases of the kidney and arteries to the kidney are the most common cause. Hypertension in these conditions tends to be more difficult to control and frequently leads to specialist referral. Many drugs can cause hypertension such as cough mixtures, nasal decongestants and arthritis tablets. In addition, the oral contraceptive pill, steroids and some antidepressants can also raise blood pressure. A diet high in salt and heavy alcohol consumption can also contribute to hypertension.

Treatment of hypertension can prevent the long term complications of high blood pressure but can be associated with side effects. The side effects range from mild discomfort such as ankle swelling or cough to intolerable side effects requiring substitution of another drug to lower blood pressure.