KIDNEY FAILURE

Damage to the kidneys may go unnoticed and it is not until over 90% of kidney function is lost that people develop symptoms of kidney failure. The symptoms are often vague and non-specific in contrast to heart disease where people develop chest pain or palpitations leading to a rapid diagnosis. Tiredness and a reduced appetite are common symptoms. Frequently renal failure is noted following routine blood tests.
The common causes of kidney failure include Glomerulonephritis, Diabetic kidney disease, Polycystic kidney disease, recurrent kidney infections and hypertensive/vascular disease. While these conditions require different treatment initially, once kidney failure is established there are 4 common problems that need to be addressed.

1. Hypertension
The rate of deterioration may be slowed if hypertension is well controlled.

2. Nutrition
Many patients with kidney failure have a reduced appetite and require consultation from a dietitian experienced with management of renal failure patients. The dietitian will give advice regarding protein, carbohydrate, salt, potassium and fat intake. In addition, salt and water intake may be reduced as these can contribute to hypertension and swelling.

4. Bone disease
Vitamin D and Calcium tablets are frequently administered to reduce the bone loss and weakening associated with kidney failure. If kidney function progressively deteriorates some patients may benefit from dialysis therapy. Your doctor will discuss the potential benefits and complications of different forms of dialysis therapy to enable a decision on the most appropriate therapy.