DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Kidney disease is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and effects both insulin dependent (type I) and independent patients (Type II). It is often heralded by the development of hypertension and traces of protein in the urine (proteinuria). Less commonly unexplained hypoglycaemic episodes in a previously stable diabetic may be the first hint of impaired kidney function. Diabetic kidney disease is often associated with eye disease involving the retina (retinopathy) and for this reason all patients with diabetic renal disease should be seen by an Ophthalmologist to detect and treat potentially sight threatening eye disease.

While diabetic renal disease is a frequent complication of diabetes, patients with diabetes may also develop non-diabetic renal disease and for this reason some diabetic patients may require a renal biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment of hypertension is the most important factor in slowing disease progression. Drugs that inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) are prescribed as they are potent antihypertensive agents in addition to reducing the level of proteinuria. Unfortunately ACE inhibitors are not without side-effects and may cause an irritating dry cough or lead to high potassium in the blood.