A look at the causes of interference to audio signal
transmission and methods of wiring your studio to minimise these
problems.
written by
Colin Abrahams
Contents
Introduction
CHAPTER 1 Audio Signals
1.1 Electrical Circuits
1.2 Audio Circuits
1.3 Balanced Audio Wiring
1.4 Unbalanced Audio Wiring
1.5 Pops, Hum And Crosstalk
CHAPTER 2 Electrostatic Interference
2.1 How Electrostatic Interference Works
2.2 Screening Out Electrostatic Interference
2.2.1 Protecting Audio Signal Wiring against Electrostatic
Interference
2.2.2 Protecting Audio Equipment against Electrostatic
Interference
2.2.3 Protecting a Room from Electrostatic Interference
2.3 Grounding To Reduce Electrostatic Interference
2.4 Sources Of Electrostatic Interference
2.5 Electrostatic Interference Summary
CHAPTER 3 Electromagnetic Interference
3.1 Electromagnetic v Electrostatic Interference
3.2 How Electromagnetic Interference Works
3.3 Screening Out Electromagnetic Interference
3.4 Sources Of Electromagnetic Interference
3.5 Electromagnetic Interference Summary
CHAPTER 4 Common Path Interference
4.1 How Common Path Interference Works
4.2 Eliminating Common Path Interference
4.3 Common Path Interference Summary
CHAPTER 5 Ground Loops
5.1 What Is A Ground Loop?
5.2 How Ground Loops Work
CHAPTER 6 Laying Down The Ground Rules
6.1 Grounding Objectives
6.2 The Golden Rule Of Grounding
6.3 The Technical Ground
6.4 Using The Mains Ground As A Technical Ground
6.5 Multiple Star Points
6.6 Daisy Chains
6.7 Grounding Unbalanced Equipment
6.8 Limitations Of Unbalanced Configurations
6.9 Shield Wiring For Balanced Configurations
CHAPTER 7 Audio Signal Wiring
7.1 Coping With Ground Noise
7.1.1 Unbalanced configurations
7.1.2 Balanced configurations
7.2 Coping With Interference
7.3 Input Stage Types
7.3.1 Unbalanced
7.3.2 Electronically balanced
7.3.3 Transformer balanced
7.4 Output Stage Types
7.4.1 Unbalanced
7.4.2 Unbalanced, ground compensating
7.4.3 Electronically balanced, ground referenced
7.4.4 Electronically balanced, floating
7.4.5 Transformer balanced, ground referenced
7.4.6 Transformer balanced, floating
7.5 Input/Output Configuration Compatibility Chart
7.6 General Line Level Wiring
7.7 Microphone Wiring
7.8 Instrument Wiring
7.9 Studio Tie Lines
7.10 Inter-Control Room Tie Lines
All written and graphical content © 2005
Colin Abrahams, Studio Connections
No part of this tutorial may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the owner.
