Uniqueness of even number function From email: From: "Thomas Heye" <1910-131εonlinehome.de> To: <dcproofεyahoogroups.com> Sent: Saturday, September 16, 2006 3:41 AM Subject: [DC Proof] Ideas for uniqueness of even number function > Hi folks, > I'd like to prove for all natural numbers a,b that a +a=b+b implies > a=b. > > My ideas so far: Having shown that a<b, a=b, b<a are mutually > exclusive, it should be possible to deduce from a+a=b+b that a<b, b<a > resp. is impossible, so equality must hold. > > Or is there an easier way? > > Thanks, > > Thomas Peano's Axioms 1 Set(n) & 1 ε n & ALL(a):[a ε n => next(a) ε n] & ALL(a):[a ε n => ~next(a)=1] & ALL(a):ALL(b):[a ε n & b ε n & next(a)=next(b) => a=b] & ALL(a):[Set(a) & 1 ε a & ALL(b):[b ε n & b ε a => next(b) ε a] => ALL(b):[b ε n => b ε a]] Premise Define + 2 ALL(a):ALL(b):[a ε n & b ε n => a+b ε n] & ALL(a):[a ε n => a+1=next(a)] & ALL(a):ALL(b):[a ε n & b ε n => a+next(b)=next(a+b)] Definition 3 Set(n) Split, 1 4 1 ε n Split, 1 5 ALL(a):[a ε n => next(a) ε n] Split, 1 6 ALL(a):[a ε n => ~next(a)=1] Split, 1 7 ALL(a):ALL(b):[a ε n & b ε n & next(a)=next(b) => a=b] Split, 1 8 ALL(a):[Set(a) & 1 ε a & ALL(b):[b ε n & b ε a => next(b) ε a] => ALL(b):[b ε n => b ε a]] Split, 1 9 ALL(a):ALL(b):[a ε n & b ε n => a+b ε n] Split, 2 10 ALL(a):[a ε n => a+1=next(a)] Split, 2 11 ALL(a):ALL(b):[a ε n & b ε n => a+next(b)=next(a+b)] Split, 2 Define < 12 ALL(a):ALL(b):[a ε n & b ε n => [a<b <=> EXIST(c):[c ε n & a+c=b]]] Definition Assumed: a<b & b<c => a<c 13 ALL(a):ALL(b):ALL(c):[a ε n & b ε n & c ε n & a<b & b<c => a<c] Premise Assumed: a+b=b+a 14 ALL(a):ALL(b):[a ε n & b ε n => a+b=b+a] Premise Assumed: Exclusivity of a<b, a=b, and b<a 15 ALL(a):ALL(b):[a ε n & b ε n => [a<b | a=b | b<a] & ~[a<b & a=b] & ~[a=b & b<a] & ~[a<b & b<a]] Premise Assumed: a<b => a+c<b+c 16 ALL(a):ALL(b):ALL(c):[a ε n & b ε n & c ε n & a<b => a+c<b+c] Premise 17 x ε n & y ε n & x+x=y+y Premise 18 x ε n Split, 17 19 y ε n Split, 17 20 x+x=y+y Split, 17 21 x ε n & y ε n Join, 18, 19 22 ALL(b):[x ε n & b ε n => x+b ε n] U Spec, 9 23 x ε n & y ε n => x+y ε n U Spec, 22 24 x+y ε n Detach, 23, 21 25 ALL(b):[x ε n & b ε n => x+b=b+x] U Spec, 14 26 x ε n & y ε n => x+y=y+x U Spec, 25 27 x+y=y+x Detach, 26, 21 28 z ε n Premise 29 z ε n & z ε n Join, 28, 28 30 ALL(b):[z ε n & b ε n => z+b ε n] U Spec, 9 31 z ε n & z ε n => z+z ε n U Spec, 30 32 z+z ε n Detach, 31, 29 33 z ε n => z+z ε n Conclusion, 28 34 ALL(c):[c ε n => c+c ε n] U Gen, 33 35 x ε n => x+x ε n U Spec, 34 36 y ε n => y+y ε n U Spec, 34 37 x+x ε n Detach, 35, 18 38 y+y ε n Detach, 36, 19 39 ALL(b):[x+x ε n & b ε n => [x+x<b | x+x=b | b<x+x] & ~[x+x<b & x+x=b] & ~[x+x=b & b<x+x] & ~[x+x<b & b<x+x]] U Spec, 15 40 x+x ε n & y+y ε n => [x+x<y+y | x+x=y+y | y+y<x+x] & ~[x+x<y+y & x+x=y+y] & ~[x+x=y+y & y+y<x+x] & ~[x+x<y+y & y+y<x+x] U Spec, 39 41 x+x ε n & y+y ε n Join, 37, 38 42 [x+x<y+y | x+x=y+y | y+y<x+x] & ~[x+x<y+y & x+x=y+y] & ~[x+x=y+y & y+y<x+x] & ~[x+x<y+y & y+y<x+x] Detach, 40, 41 43 x+x<y+y | x+x=y+y | y+y<x+x Split, 42 44 ~[x+x<y+y & x+x=y+y] Split, 42 45 x<y Premise 46 ALL(b):ALL(c):[x ε n & b ε n & c ε n & x<b => x+c<b+c] U Spec, 16 47 ALL(c):[x ε n & y ε n & c ε n & x<y => x+c<y+c] U Spec, 46 48 x ε n & y ε n & x ε n & x<y => x+x<y+x U Spec, 47 49 x ε n & y ε n & y ε n & x<y => x+y<y+y U Spec, 47 50 x ε n & y ε n & x ε n Join, 21, 18 51 x ε n & y ε n & y ε n Join, 21, 19 52 x ε n & y ε n & x ε n & x<y Join, 50, 45 53 x ε n & y ε n & y ε n & x<y Join, 51, 45 54 x+x<y+x Detach, 48, 52 55 x+y<y+y Detach, 49, 53 56 x+x<x+y Substitute, 27, 54 57 ALL(b):ALL(c):[x+x ε n & b ε n & c ε n & x+x<b & b<c => x+x<c] U Spec, 13 58 ALL(c):[x+x ε n & x+y ε n & c ε n & x+x<x+y & x+y<c => x+x<c] U Spec, 57 59 x+x ε n & x+y ε n & y+y ε n & x+x<x+y & x+y<y+y => x+x<y+y U Spec, 58 60 x+x ε n & x+y ε n Join, 37, 24 61 x+x ε n & x+y ε n & y+y ε n Join, 60, 38 62 x+x ε n & x+y ε n & y+y ε n & x+x<x+y Join, 61, 56 63 x+x ε n & x+y ε n & y+y ε n & x+x<x+y & x+y<y+y Join, 62, 55 64 x+x<y+y Detach, 59, 63 65 x+x<y+y & x+x=y+y Join, 64, 20 66 ~[x+x<y+y & x+x=y+y] & [x+x<y+y & x+x=y+y] Join, 44, 65 67 ~x<y Conclusion, 45 68 x ε n & y ε n & x+x=y+y => ~x<y Conclusion, 17 69 ALL(b):[x ε n & b ε n & x+x=b+b => ~x<b] U Gen, 68 70 ALL(a):ALL(b):[a ε n & b ε n & a+a=b+b => ~a<b] U Gen, 69 71 x ε n & y ε n & x+x=y+y Premise 72 ~x<y Detach, 68, 71 73 x ε n Split, 71 74 y ε n Split, 71 75 x+x=y+y Split, 71 76 y+y=x+x Sym, 75 77 y ε n & x ε n Join, 74, 73 78 y ε n & x ε n & y+y=x+x Join, 77, 76 79 ALL(b):[y ε n & b ε n & y+y=b+b => ~y<b] U Spec, 70 80 y ε n & x ε n & y+y=x+x => ~y<x U Spec, 79 81 ~y<x Detach, 80, 78 82 ALL(b):[x ε n & b ε n => [x<b | x=b | b<x] & ~[x<b & x=b] & ~[x=b & b<x] & ~[x<b & b<x]] U Spec, 15 83 x ε n & y ε n => [x<y | x=y | y<x] & ~[x<y & x=y] & ~[x=y & y<x] & ~[x<y & y<x] U Spec, 82 84 x ε n & y ε n Join, 73, 74 85 [x<y | x=y | y<x] & ~[x<y & x=y] & ~[x=y & y<x] & ~[x<y & y<x] Detach, 83, 84 86 x<y | x=y | y<x Split, 85 87 [~x<y => x=y] | y<x Imply-Or, 86 88 ~[~x<y => x=y] => y<x Imply-Or, 87 89 ~y<x => ~~[~x<y => x=y] Contra, 88 90 ~y<x => [~x<y => x=y] Rem DNeg, 89 91 ~x<y => x=y Detach, 90, 81 92 x=y Detach, 91, 72 93 x ε n & y ε n & x+x=y+y => x=y Conclusion, 71 94 ALL(b):[x ε n & b ε n & x+x=b+b => x=b] U Gen, 93 95 ALL(a):ALL(b):[a ε n & b ε n & a+a=b+b => a=b] U Gen, 94